FAMILY AND SOIL PARALLEL

In Cry, the Beloved Country, Alan Potan uses soil (land) to parallel Kumalo's family because just like land, it needs to be taken care of in order to stay healthy and survive. When Kumalo is there and can pay attention to the soil it is in good shape but when he leaves, to go to Johannesburg to find his son and his sister, it gets ignored and ultimately suffers. It's parallel because the soil if its not payed attention to it is broken and dried out and it cannot function by its self, just lke Kumalo's family, his brother and sister cannot be alone in Johannesburg. They need the attention and support from there tribe. "The tribe was broken, and would be mended no more." Chapter 13. They cannot be part of a broken tribe.

NO NAMES-Cry Journal

I think Alon Paton did not give some people a name because it helps show that there is another character that is more important then the one without a name. For example, I think Gertude's son did not have a name because he actually just told mre about Gertrude. The story at that moment was more focused on her. Alan Paton used him to show what the situation was like for Gertrude and to exaggerate the hard time that she went through. He was less significant that her, yet helped show part of Gertrude. He is almost like a foil character, in the sense that he helps portray someone else's personality.

Separating a book

There are many reasons for separating a book into parts. But I think it is mostly used to either change the perspective or changing the subject. For Cry, the Beloved Country, I think that Paton uses three separate books for changing the subject and introducing a new idea or character. It also helps emphasize the important things for the previous book because you know that if Alan Paton brings up the same concept as before, it is probably something that you should pay attention to.

Oppression

Holocaust
http://www.islamdenouncesantisemitism.com/thetruth.htm

Cambodia-killing fields
http://www.sa.org.au/international/2855-no-justice-for-survivors-of-cambodias-killing-fields

If you copy and paste it will work 

Cry, The Beloved Country #3

PHRASE: Power, Money and Corruption
I think that Paton repeats this phrase because it foreshadows events and it also shows that it is an important part of the book. Each word can be a metaphor for something or someone later in the book. Power and money could relate to the white men and how they have people work for only 3 shillings, although they should be paid more. That that could lead to a conflict and corrupt society, or that it has already has. Using this phrase shows a lot of things depending on how you interpret it.
CONCEPT: Being Lost
You how this concept is shown when Paton describes the streets on Johannesburg, and then later has a character confirm it. It's as if there are so many streets that are so long and mysterious that you don't know which one to travel down. At first you think of it as a good thing, but when you begin to understand the danger of Johannesburg and realize that some of them need or want to go home; they are scared. They don't know what they want, what to do or what is best for themselves of their family. They need to get out of that horrible place and go back to what they know and what is good for them.
IMAGE: Women
I think he uses women as a symbol to show that most that don't have families, in Johannesburg, are prostitutes. This shows the amount of suffering that they do to get by. It also expands your knowledge on how bad Johannesburg actually is. I think one reason(this could be completely wrong:/) that he doesn't describe the girls in detail that much is because he wants the story that they tell, like Stephen's sisters' to be really significant. That they are telling the story that most of the girls that live there are going through. They are generalized in society so he does that with his writing.